Block Notes #5: Rotaliana

The industrial conversion came about with the decision to favour a range of hybrid and transversal objects.

A look at the case of Rotaliana may help to shed light on today's relationship between design and small and medium manufacturers. Certainly, the company's case history provides insight into the possible developments resulting from the mix of de- sign, innovation and industry in Italy. The story begins towards the end of the 1980s with two young entrepreneurs. Working in the rich and industrious region of Trentino (once again in Northeast Italy, although with its own local character), they decided to set up a small business that would specialise in the production of well-made, honest-to-goodness, "classic and traditional" lamps.

The company acquired a faithful clientele and business was good. But by the late '90s, the founders saw that the market was changing, with customers increasingly abandoning them in favour of other, Asian manufacturers. Their products were easily copied by a number of companies – mostly Chinese – that were able to ensure a reasonable product quality and, above all, much lower prices than theirs.

The two partners quickly realised that competing to protect their "traditional" product would be practically impossible. Consequently they decided that an abrupt change of tack was needed in order to get out of that dead-end situation, con- cluding that the way forward lay in technological innovation and apt new market strategies. Through friends, they found two good designers in Milan: Dante Donegani (also from the Trentino region) and Giovanni Lauda (from Naples), who very soon became the company's art directors.
Eolo, designed by Dante Donegani and Giovanni Lauda, 2009. Its cuboid body is cut into fine strips to form a face that gently blows scent into the air: the RGB LED light creates the perfect colour to suit any mood. Above: MultiPot, the first multifunctional lamp manufactured by Rotaliana, designed by Donegani and Lauda, 2005
Eolo, designed by Dante Donegani and Giovanni Lauda, 2009. Its cuboid body is cut into fine strips to form a face that gently blows scent into the air: the RGB LED light creates the perfect colour to suit any mood. Above: MultiPot, the first multifunctional lamp manufactured by Rotaliana, designed by Donegani and Lauda, 2005
In some ways, the situation was very similar to the challenge that numerous long-established Italian firms had faced at the end of World War II. To conquer a place in the totally new market, each of these companies was obliged to forge their own distinctive path towards industrial conversion, in a process that was often heavily influenced by the then budding culture of design. We may conclude that survival today (or better still, the task of reinventing oneself industrially) requires courageous and at times radical choices which may even entail industrial conversion.

Rotaliana's first request to Donegani and Lauda was to renew the company's collection. Substantially, this operation meant adopting a policy of "contemporary design" while continuing to offer the classic typologies, in the conviction that this strategy would defuse the problem of "easy" imitations.

However, this line of attack quickly revealed its weaknesses. On one hand the new collection failed to convince the old customers, who were still interested in more tradi- tional products, and on the other it failed to conquer a share of more contemporary markets because the products, despite their quality and beauty, were not sufficiently original to make their presence felt. In this still uncertain situation, Donegani and Lauda also came up with an unusual product model. Characterised by its curious multifunctional na- ture, it went decidedly beyond the idea of a typical table or ambient lamp. What they proposed was a vase that could be illuminated. But the major innovation lay in the fact that it would contain, and neatly conceal, several electrical sockets for the chargers of the various mobile electronic devices that fill our lives nowadays.
Campanula, designed by Andrea Branzi, 2009
Campanula, designed by Andrea Branzi, 2009
The new, simple and illuminated object was the obvious solution. While the various battery chargers were hidden inside, it was closed with an elegant lid that doubled as a kind of tray to hold cellphones, MP3 players, GPS devices, etc., while they recharged. This type of product did not immediately appeal to the two industrialists, who felt that such ob- jects were too far removed from the world of lighting. After the somewhat disappointing results of the first collection, which had already been renewed in its design, one of the partners nevertheless made the risky decision to persevere with the possibilities opened by that unusual multi- tasking design. The other partner did not agree, and subsequently quit the company. This led to the creation of a new family of hybrid products named MultiPot. Like all good design objects, they originated from a typological innovation (suggested by new lifestyles) associated with an appropriate technological adaptation and expressed in a controlled, coherent manner in the shape of a simple, translucent vase. It was a success.

After this brief account, which illus- trates the possible paths of recovery for industry and design in the most typical Italian style, we can observe the linguistic and narrative results of this story, pausing to consider some of the text-products presented in Ro- taliana's collections over the past three years. There has been a recog- nisable evolution in the original and innovative path pursued by multitasking, hybrid objects. This can be seen in the blossoming of two new product types dictated by a reflection on the themes of iconicity, functional compactness and environmental sensoriality.
Donegani and Lauda have for a while been conducting interesting research on the interpenetration of functions and form in an evolutionary proposal of living spaces. The fruits of their work come in the guise of two unusual presences introduced into the domestic theatre. With an iconic quality similar to that of small votive shrines, these multifunctional devices carry a strong poetic and sensorial charge.
Lampion, designed by Emmanuel Gallina, 2009. Inspired by coloured paper lanterns, it has a silicone diffuser and transparent polycarbonate support, features that make also make it suited to outdoor use
Lampion, designed by Emmanuel Gallina, 2009. Inspired by coloured paper lanterns, it has a silicone diffuser and transparent polycarbonate support, features that make also make it suited to outdoor use
The apparatus named Diva, when closed, resembles a dumb, solemn and purely contemplative object (a multifaceted reflection of the handsome and matchless Black television set designed by Zanuso in 1969). This silent form was gradually animated to operate as a radio and speaker system, and can be connected to a computer and other sound sources. A small digital screen, hidden behind the aluminium casing, communicates informa- tion on these functions. A dock integrated into the base can be extracted to connect iPods and iPhones. In this way, the impression of the votive altar to a god is unveiled in all its em- blematic quality. Meanwhile, the LED hidden inside the upper arm segment, which lifts up from the "digital" altar, completes the vague sense of spirituality emanated by this metaphysical object.

Eolo, on the other hand, is a different matter. In some ways a domestic presence more inspired by a pagan idolatry, it might, in a Nietzschean way, be described as Dionysiac. A diffuser of chromatic light and environmental perfumes is concealed in a parallelepiped, its surface marked by a set of vertical lines (here too it is interesting to note a certain analogy with the absolute form of the Ariante fan designed by Zanuso in 1973-74). The contours of a face are formed through the vertical lines, appearing like a hidden spirit as the cheeks puff up like the facial features of Aeolus (the character who inspired the object's name), dispensing perfumed air with his divine breath. As the product description reads, "Light and perfume, as immaterial elements of furniture, engender new re- lations between environment and mood." Figuring out just where the ironic game begins and ends, to be- come a New Age practice of pure hedonistic pleasure, is a discovery left to the sensorial and intellectual ex- perience of each user. This interpretation echoes the cathartic role of texts like Siddharta by Herman Hesse, or Robert M. Pirsig's Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance.
Drink, designed by Dante Donegani and Giovanni Lauda, 2004-2008. A simple and iconic design; it is reminiscent of a wine cup filled with light
Drink, designed by Dante Donegani and Giovanni Lauda, 2004-2008. A simple and iconic design; it is reminiscent of a wine cup filled with light
Next to this range of hybrid and transverse devices in the Rotaliana collection, one can also read other interesting "texts". By experiment ing with diverse languages, these deal with the specific function of light. The botanical form of three floral corollas grafted into one another in a fade-in and out of light, conceived by Andrea Branzi for the Campanula suspension lamp, tells an oneiric and rather winsome story that appears to be a cross between the rational lightness of lamps by Poul Henningsen (from 1925 to the early '60s) and the sophisticated magniloquence of certain blown- glass lamps of the 1920s and '30s. It is above all with regard to this second historical reference that, reading between the lines, we seem to note the pleasure of a transgressive paradox à la Pitigrilli.

Designed with a more ironical and humorous note is the luminous effect of the silicone Lampion lantern, conceived by Emmanuel Gallina: a presence of coloured light to be hung freely indoors or out, but also to be placed anywhere on a table or floor. By means of a flexible, soft and semi-transparent material, the "Chinese lantern" is transformed into a little "banderon", like a surreal and playful mouth organ – an object-character for a story by Julio Cortázar.

Recent years have also seen a number of notable reinterpretations – for wider applications – of interesting models designed by Donegani and Lauda prior to the period examined here. For example, it is worth mentioning the opaline diffuser version of the dematerialised Lightwire luminator, and the new filiform versions, with a goblet diffuser, of the floor lamps for the Drink series. But we should also flag up the wall lamp in the Icselle series, which is a giantsize pop reproduction of the celebrated PAR 56 halogen lamp, once used as a headlight on automobiles and exploited by the Castiglioni brothers in a highly original and surprising way in their famed Toio mod- el (1962). This latter was an undisputed family founder of that "experimental enlightenment" with which, with quality and continuity, Donegani, Lauda and Rotaliana have measured and proved their strength.
Left: Lightwire, design Dante Donegani and Giovanni Lauda, 2003. Made of iron rod, it is arc-welded, light and transparent, representing the dematerialisation of the modern luminator. Its design apperas to have been realised with a wire-frame computer graphics program. Right: Diva, designed by Donegani and Lauda, 2009. This LED light and music system was specifically designed for iPods or iPhones
Left: Lightwire, design Dante Donegani and Giovanni Lauda, 2003. Made of iron rod, it is arc-welded, light and transparent, representing the dematerialisation of the modern luminator. Its design apperas to have been realised with a wire-frame computer graphics program. Right: Diva, designed by Donegani and Lauda, 2009. This LED light and music system was specifically designed for iPods or iPhones

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