The public housing scheme in no. 8, Valle del Boi in the
new district of Carabanchel is part of a wider policy being
pursued by the Madrid City Council through its Empresa
Municipal de la Vivienda y Suelo (EMVS). The plan to construct
59,000 houses by 2011 (32,500 of which will be built
entirely with public funding) has set the scene for an urban
model in which the outpost of urban growth is presented as
an uninterrupted stretch of council dwellings for sale or rent
– equitable to a carpet of homogeneous blocks at least six
storeys high.
Looking at the Valle del Boi building in more detail, we
should first point out that the scheme won a competition
organised according to the public sector’s standard practices
for commissioning projects. Secondly, it is the first major
architectural project by a group of young architects who
have taken the opportunity to establish a new kind of dia
logue with the context, questioning the design of enclosed
blocks (which are repeated obsessively in the dense grids of
new building developments) and attempting to bring some
order to the urban proliferation that is increasingly eroding
the sierra.
While on one side the building allows views over the
wood which lies beyond the main street, on the other it is set
upon a base that opens onto the neighbourhood and takes
the form of a garden facing the inner facade.
The architectural design is resolved in the relationship
between the solid volume of the structural core, in reinforced
concrete, and a system of additions with a lightweight metal
structure. These lend a decisive sense of movement to the
internal facade, as if it had been invaded by parasitic elements
that have attacked the central core to establish a
happy symbiosis, a possible allusion to life caught in the void
of existence. This juxtaposition is also legible in the imperceptible
surface treatment that modulates the light, letting
it run across the smooth, warm concrete surface. The light
is then caught up in the finely perforated sheet metal of the
projecting elements, or filtered by a latticed grid orientated
to intercept direct sunlight during summer and let through
the weaker rays in winter. This grid design on the facade
creates a changing perception of the main fronts – those
in direct contact with the street. Thus when walking below
it, the building suddenly comes into view against the light,
revealing its body through the gaps in the grating.
The linear building is therefore conceived as an almost
monolithic solid core, built entirely from concrete using an
easily moveable modular system of aluminium formwork.
The uninterrupted sequence of 102 units repeated along
the building favours this system, which embraces an industrialised
production model (a home a day) as an alternative
to traditional construction systems, even though exploiting
available means and consolidated practices.
Each house therefore consists of a fixed nucleus – also
because of its material characteristics – which is repeated
102 times. The individual units, or “additions”, are fixed onto
this spine and varied according to the request for different
dwelling types set out in the EMVS brief (one-, two- and
three-bedroom houses). While the fixed nucleus of each
individual unit satisfies all the basic needs imposed by the
brief – good orientation with respect to the sun, unobstructed
views of the urban surroundings – the movement of the
projecting masses gives a dynamic boost to the uniformity
of the urban design.
The variation of housing type is achieved by programmatically
adding the cantilevered units onto the main structure.
As the architectural mass becomes confused with the
decomposition of the projecting volumes and elements
hanging from the central spine, the linear building’s rigorous
order seems to contradict itself, creating a variable, unstable
and inconstant impression.
Prospects on the growing city
A public housing project on the outskirts of Madrid. Design Dosmasuno Arquitectos – Ignacio Borrego, Néstor Montenegro, Lina Toro. Text Francesca Picchi. Photos Miguel de Guzmán, Dosmasuno.
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- 02 January 2009
- Madrid