Latin America Architecture

On view at MoMA the positions, debates, and architectural creativity from the Rio Grande to Tierra del Fuego, from Mexico to Cuba to the Southern Cone between 1955 and 1980.

Jorge Rigamonti. Caracas Nodo de Transferencia (Caracas Transfer Node). 1970. Photocollage. 23.5 x 38.1cm. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Latin American and Caribbean Fund

On the 60th anniversary of its last major survey of modern architecture in Latin America, The Museum of Modern Art returns its focus to the region with “Latin America in Construction: Architecture 1955–1980”.

In 1955 The Museum of Modern Art staged “Latin American Architecture since 1945”, a landmark exhibition highlighting a decade of architectural achievements across Latin America. Latin America in Construction focuses on the subsequent quarter of a century, a period of self-questioning, exploration, and complex political shifts in all the countries included: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. During these years Latin American countries created startling works of architecture that have never been fully granted their place in accounts of the history of modern architecture, which is dominated by architects in Europe and the United States.

**Top**: Jorge Rigamonti. Caracas Nodo de Transferencia (Caracas Transfer Node). 1970. Photocollage. 23.5 x 38.1cm. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Latin American and Caribbean Fund. **Above**: Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer. Plaza of the three powers, Brasilia, Brazil, 1958-1960. Photo: Leonardo Finotti © Leonardo Finotti

The 1955 exhibition featured the result of a single photographic campaign, with no original materials on display or loans from the designers featured; by contrast, “Latin America in Construction: Architecture 1955–1980” brings together more than 500 original works, materials that have never before been brought together and, for the most part, have never been exhibited even in their home countries. It proposes a complex historical reading of some of the key issues of the period, from the role of the public sector in providing housing, to the conception of new types of campus design, to the response of architecture and urbanism to the concepts of “development,” or the need for architecture to serve as part of the politics of modernization and industrialization – whether seen in capitalist models or in the communist experiment of Fidel Castro’s Cuba, the latter featured in rarely seen photographs.

Eladio Dieste. Church in Atlantida, Uruguay, 1958. Photo: Leonardo Finotti © Leonardo Finotti

The exhibition features architectural drawings and models, vintage photographs, and films from the period collected over the last three years from architecture and film archives, universities, and architecture offices throughout the region. Highlighting the extent to which the exhibition contributes to new interpretations of Latin American architecture of the period, several research teams – in addition to the invited curators – have worked over the last two years to develop analytical models and compilations of rarely seen film footage. These historical materials will be displayed alongside newly commissioned models intended to highlight the spatial invention of some of the period’s master works of architecture, and to underscore the exploration of new forms of public space. Large-scale models of key structures have been commissioned for this exhibition from the cultural organization Constructo and the workshops of the Catholic University of Chile, along with models of buildings and their landscapes fabricated by the University of Miami. A special feature of both the exhibition and the catalogue is a group of new photographs by the Brazilian photographer Leonardo Finotti.

Clorindo Testa. Bank of London and South America, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1959-1966. © Archivo Manuel Gomez Piñeiro, Courtesy of Fabio Grementieri

While the focus will be on the period of 1955 to 1980 throughout most of Latin America, the exhibition is introduced by an ample prelude on the preceding three decades of architectural developments in the region, with a gallery of original films created from vintage footage by Los Angeles-based director and producer Joey Forsyte. Drawn from the filmmaker’s archival research across 15 countries and dozens of sources, the films present the transformation of key capital cities in the region, the construction of two landmark university campuses in Mexico City and Caracas, and the development of the new Brazilian capital at Brasilia.

The exhibition is accompanied by an illustrated catalogue and an anthology of primary texts translated from Spanish and Portuguese.

Affonso Eduardo Reidy. Museum of Modern Art of Rio de Janeiro (MAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1934- 1947. ©Núcleo de Documentação e Pesquisa – Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Lina Bo Bardi. São Paulo Museum of Art (MASP), Sao Paulo, Brazil. Drawing. Graphite, and ink on paper. Unframed: 47.2 x 69.8cm. Completed 1968. © Instituto Lina Bo e Pietro Maria Bardi

Rogelio Salmona and Hernán Vieco. Social Housing Complex in San Cristobal, Bogotá, Colombia, 1963- 1966. Photo: Paolo Gasparini © Fundación Rogelio Salmona

Eduardo Terrazas. Triennale di Milano, Mexican Pavilion. 1968. Interior view with design based on Olympic logo by Terrazas and Lance Wyman and printed matter by Beatrice Trueblood. © Eduardo Terrazas Archive

Guillermo Jones Odriozola, Francisco Villegas Berro. Arcobaleno Recreation Complex (Conjunto Recreacional Arcobaleno), Punta del Este, Uruguay. 1960. Brochure: 42×59.4cm. Francisco Villegas Berro

March 29 – July 19, 2015
Latin America in Construction: Architecture 1955–1980
curated by Barry Bergdoll and Patricio del Real
guest curators: Carlos Eduardo Comas and Jorge Francisco Liernur
with the assistance of an advisory committee from across Latin America.
The Museum of Modern Art
11 W 53rd St, New York

Latin America Architecture

On view at MoMA the positions, debates, and architectural creativity from the Rio Grande to Tierra del Fuego, from Mexico to Cuba to the Southern Cone between 1955 and 1980.

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