Bracket, San Rocco, Candide: a cross-reading of three new print magazines

New publications use strategies both familiar and innovative to take on contemporary architectural criticism.

If the 20th century was the century of magazines, the current rhetoric about the death of print media seems to consider the appearance of any new paper journal as lighting a pointless fire. Celebrating the publication of three new journals might therefore be like preparing a fireworks display. Faced with the artifice of these fires, the critic would only be allowed to speak of the fallen ashes of the illusions of promoters of initiatives having no future.

In opposition to this way of thinking—but well aware that we have witnessed the decline of materiality initiated in the previous century—this time we will try to project the design of these fires onto a different firmament, a heaven that our Critical Futures are trying to illuminate. We will try to interpret the way these new publications participate in the debate on the changing status of contemporary architecture writing and criticism. In other words, instead of focusing on the temporary duration of such artifices, we will attempt to read their epochal value, observing the procedures used for their preparation, their places of activation, their heavenly trajectories.

<i>Candide</i>
Candide
On the Abitare website earlier this year, Fabrizio Gallanti noted the intensity of the recent blossoming of new publications in Europe (with the exception of The New City Reader, which appeared in New York). Gallanti placed Bracket at the top of his bemused decalogue; its formula enables us to draw an interesting constellation, juxtaposing it to the novelty of San Rocco and Candide. In fact, what these projects have in common, apart from the imminent or past release of the second issue—reassuring to us about the non-ephemeral nature of each of these episodes—is their trust in the system of call for papers or calls for submissions: submission of pieces by authors to a committee established for their evaluation and selection. Borrowed from scientific journals, this model represents a paradigm in alternative to traditional magazines; it turns to the proposal of experiences rather than information, not maintaining the authority of the barrier of the "editorial" filter. This is a choice that can, at the same time, mediate between the erosion of credibility and authority of the blog, meeting that desire for self-promotion that is typical of our era, reassuring in terms of the need to show results in refereed scientific publications that are valid for academic résumés.
<i>Bracket</i>, <i>San Rocco</i> and <i>Candide</i>
Bracket, San Rocco and Candide
The formulas are always different. Bracket is based on the perpetual variation of the editorial board, reformulated in function of the theme of the single annual issue (the first, rural urbanism, the second, soft systems) built by flanking the core of the Canadian collective InfraNetLab with ad hoc editors, subsequently disseminated through the long experience of the Catalan publisherACTAR. San Rocco—conceived and produced around the Salottobuono and baukuh collectives—owes the clarity of its project to a "five-year plan" set out and outlined in full at the time of the magazine's launch. Intended to develop and conclude in nineteen issues, each issue is organized around a field of interest that the editors illustrate in a series of case studies, briefly commented on and offered as predefined occasions of debate to support an extendable investigation. Candide. Journal for Architectural Knowledge, published twice yearly, has its roots in the academic world of Forschungsgebiet Architekturtheorie at the RWTH of Aachen University (printed by the publisher Transcript) but it is the fruit Axel Sowa's efforts. Unlike the first two magazines, Candide is not characterized by thematic issues but is organized into five discursive sections that find transversal connections regarding the role and the weight of the term "knowledge" in architecture (Essay, Analysis, Project, and Encounters Fiction). The permanence and authority of the editorial board is supported by the peer review method, granting validity to the submitted texts by means of a method typical of scientific journals.
As opaque structures, when viewed up close, the three magazines reveal patterns of relationships and textures that render their apparent configuration as 'open works' more rigid. Systems of knowledge and opportunity, order and hierarchy of writings and authors appear to organize, and sometimes function as prerequisites to, the research topics.
<i>Candide</i>
Candide
As opaque structures, when viewed up close, the three magazines reveal patterns of relationships and textures that render their apparent configuration as "open works" more rigid. Systems of knowledge and opportunity, order and hierarchy of writings and authors appear to organize, and sometimes function as prerequisites to, the research topics. Without affecting the value of the issues faced, they do not reveal themselves as being so neutral in wanting to raise the prestige of the new publication, nor do they relinquish their prerogative of reinforcing the legitimacy of groups and elites. It is no coincidence that the similarity and uniformity of the styles of representation seem to play an important role in their appearances. There is nothing terrible in this. Indeed, this move seems perfectly appropriate and leaves room for the spirit of adventure, allowing the suggestion of possible new models for past publications or present ones that are already well established. In this way, Bracket seems to stand on the pedestal of the famous episode in Canadian publishing that is the annual release of AlfabethCity and San Rocco appears to want to overthrow the view of architecture's autonomy logrunning on the profile of "Log" and other attempts made by Peter Eisenman and Cynthia Davidson (from "Opposition" to "ANY"); or Candide wants to emerge, almost in "negative," from Axel Sowa's experience at Architetcture of Aujourd'hui, in response to the general scenario distancing itself from the present.

Even distribution choices reveal different strategies and intentions. For example, if San Rocco does not use the language of its country of production, the language barrier does not seem to be problematic for the German magazine which, by relying on bilingual text, does not renounce its linguistic specificity, transmitting selected foreign research to a local context.

<i>San Rocco</i>
San Rocco
Regarding the choice of topics and interests, the three magazines get their momentum from current events excluding, however, issues that are directly social. In this "factual" and empirical direction, they pinpoint the issues because they interpret contemporary conditions and intuit its dynamics, exploring what Benjamin called, when referring to the angel of history, the "difficult period". Overall, they seem to be pragmatic readings that can interpret contemporary culture, but without wanting to dissect its conditions fully and in an absolute way. In this direction, relying on a broad thematic overview which presumes, and leads to, subsequent and continuous updating, they are free from ideological conditioning and are, rather, anchored to contingent needs, often relegated to secondary conditions in relation to the theme of the theory of the project, reconnecting the true needs of reality to design research. That is why in Bracket, for example, the pieces seem to be more original when they reflect on specific phenomena, when they trace concrete and historical dimensions and when they experiment and compare technical quantities.

In response to the question of why it seems necessary to use the magazine format and not the book, a question that requires more extensive discussion, the answer seems to lie in the fact that a book, if constructed exclusively with examples and explanations having no theoretical intent, might seem—perhaps wrongly so—to lack a specific search "for meaning" that can interpret reality according to less factual and more transversal categories, voluntarily detached from the moment of reading history as a unique moment in the present. If, in fact, the desire is always there, either explicitly or implicitly, to establish the turning points of epistemology or significance in relation to contemporary culture, which typically omits the most factual, specific and localized aspects, in magazines, which are intentionally directed towards less unifying aspects in relation to the general sense of the issues, preferring issues to doctrine, there remains a desire to clarify conditions that are never fixative. In this sense, they are coherent with their own inherent logic, anchoring themselves to the value and meaning of things expressed without them being externalized or having any desire to continue, but rather rooting themselves in a more immediate and surmountable sense of time strictly tied to the present. And also contemplating the possibility of their own disappearance.

<i>San Rocco</i>
San Rocco
In a certain sense, they exist in a parabola that reverses their genesis: born initially in academic and scientific contexts, of which they informed advances and long-term research, they are now almost substantially and voluntarily excluded, moving towards a communication that is more collective, less elitist, more simplifying but more necessary. Hence, the ability to use non-stabilizing categories, usually imported from American culture, which identify research and communications as an interval whose open "parentheses" are closed by significant and variegated projects and content rather than the egocentrism of the subject and his/her desire for self-assertion.

Returning to the recent remarks prepared for the Institut de France, Michel Serres discussed the issue of educational change regarding the development of new technologies. Discussing the quality of this change in the education system he first noted that "We, the adults, have doubled our 'society of spectacle' with a pedagogical culture of overwhelming competition, vainly uncultivated, eclipsing the school and the university. In terms of the time dedicated to listening and vision, the media's seduction and importance have, for quite a long time taken, over the function of teaching," concluding that, "facing this change, it would be convenient to invent unimaginable novelties outside the canons of our conduct, our media, our projects adapted to the society of spectacle..."

<i>Bracket</i>
Bracket
If Bracket, San Rocco and Candide are up to the challenge of repositioning the role of magazines in the formation of 21st-century culture, becoming new tools for interpretation and transmission, it will be for historians to verify the results. In the meantime, if we remain faithful to the reception theory of literature, "allusions and imitations… Mark the survival of a text and its gradual penetration into a culture." Is this a criterion that we should adopt for periodical publications in the architecture field? So what else should we say about these three new magazines, if not to explain to them that, chez nous success seems to be tied to the document's ability to penetrate its prestige with the community. Not in terms of its being "tried and tested" or its "popularity" but in resisting the erosion of time following examples of perseverance, rigor, precision and the weight of tradition—and the use of perpetual renewal—that emanate from established traditional publications like our Domus.
Roberto Zancan
<i>Bracket</i>
Bracket

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