This article was originally published in Domus India 11 / October 2012
"We don't have so much time for the past like you in India. We
have a long way ahead to go. How many hours in my day can I
think about what happened a long time ago? I do not have
enough hours in the day to plan my future and you want to go
through these fields to see this old ruin which is not even listed by
our antiquities."
I confessed that India was an ancient and wrinkled civilisation
that had not experienced violent and destructive revolutions. I was
in China, as part of a small team preparing the Tourism Master
Plan for the province of Hainan and my Chinese counterpart and I
were standing in front of a brick tower — the first genuine ancient
structure that I had seen in the last month. Everything else had
been destroyed in the Cultural Revolution and rebuilt. Its remote
location had saved it.
But I found Han's comments about the past very attractive. The
past is imagined by us on the basis of some myths and random
remains. Some people invent a long story about it, call it "past
history", and then make it come to life as a monkey and carry it
on their shoulders. Our madaris (magicians/entertainers) in power
use their monkey very effectively. They make it dance for people
to ridicule any new ideas these people may get while the madaris
pocket the takings. If there is a divide that separates China from
India, it is that we , in India, carry monkeys on our shoulders while
the Chinese have got rid of them.
So thinking, writing, and talking about the future in India is
difficult. Building for it is more difficult. Convincing people that
one can invent it is even harder. There is no audience. The group
that should be the most interested in it , the madaris in power,
have the least interest. Why else would all our new government
buildings be biriyanis with flavours from the past? Has anybody
seen the one opposite the National Museum in Delhi occupied by
the Ministry of External Affairs? These are the dancing monkeys
of officialdom's patronage of modern architecture.
However, instead of going into an uncontrollable rage or
depression about these ghosts from the past who keep coming
to starve me of work, I have chosen to celebrate instead, by
cultivating an unstoppable appetite for inventing futures and
then devising ways to satisfy it. To feed this appetite, which is not
small or temporary, I am cooking for a lavish banquet. The feast is
a proposal for the realisation of a new generation of future urban
settlements that can live in harmony with nature called Natural
Cities, a term applicable both to new greenfield settlements that
will absorb the growing migration in the Asian world as well as to
existing cities, particularly megacities, which need to deconstruct
and regenerate themselves as Natural Cities.
The Natural Cities proposal has high ambitions about an alternate
future for urban Asia. It promises to regenerate cities in the wake
of climatic, societal and economical change simply by restoring
a natural relationship that has always existed between human
beings, the built environment, its hinterland and the entire
natural world that surrounds us all — 2% of whose area we happen
to occupy on a landmass that covers one third of the planet.
I realise now that Han had a point. There is nothing written in the
stars. Either we write our own future or somebody else is going to
write it for us.
This banquet, for which I am cooking, will identify some key
physical characteristics of a city that would definitely exclude it
from being categorised as a Natural City. Such exclusion would
kick in if the city had:
1. A population exceeding 1 million.
2. No intention to use 100% renewable energy and continues to
use power generated by diesel, coal, nuclear and any form of
fossil fuel.
3. No intentions of recycling 100% of its waste.
4. An inability to obtain most of its daily food needs from its own
hinterland and is dependent on its food being transported from
distant regions that are the hinterlands of other settlements.
5. No intention to be self-sufficient in its water supply but to rely
on a parasitic arrangement where water is taken away from
another community and transported across many regions (for
example, most of Delhi's water is brought from the Himalayas).
6. Governance that is not transparent and does not support 100%
renewability or have intention to become Natural City.
When we began cooking, this sounded like some pie in the sky.
I was working with the nuclear/environmental scientist Dr.
Vikram Soni. But as we developed the idea, we realised that
most Asian cities , particularly the megacities were in such
a disreputable condition that they just could not be fixed by
preaching and fixing water and sewage. These cities were
not only remnants of 19th century colonial trading hubs, but
enormous parasitic habitations, both environmentally and
socially. Using the simple six criteria listed above, we categorized
most of our existing cities as well as all our megacities as
completely unnatural and unsustainable for long-term survival.
We realised that all cities in the past had been founded, then
thrived and eventually declined. Some had even disappeared as
will the megacities of today. We needed to look to the future.
The urgency of the need to invent our own urban future was
stirred by the McKinsey Global Institute report on "India's
urban awakening: Building inclusive cities, sustaining
economic growth", which came out in April 2010. It has data
that is very impressive and gives us a blow-by-blow account
of measured disasters that are awaiting future Indian cities. Its
recommendations however, in my view, spell the end of any hope
of sustainability and the beginning of a new era of corporate
subordination that will congregate more and more people into
the existing megacities and satellite towns. Such reports are the
dancing monkeys of our power-driven madaris for India's future.
The proposal for Natural Cities no longer seemed a pie in the sky.
It had become a way to preserve the sanity of our communities in
the future. An alternative to the corporate world's monkey that
wants to dance for us. What alarmed me was the alacrity with
which this doubtful document had assumed a level of gospel
truth, without any public discussion, amongst our government
and Planning Commission both of whom should have known
better. A budget of $90 billion has been put up by the Industry
Ministry to the Cabinet for approving the Industrial Corridor
from Delhi to Mumbai preempting the first of 19 such corridors
recommended in the McKinsey report. The Project's Final Plan
Report, written by Scott Wilson, in October 2009, recommends
housing one-third of the entire population of India in the project
area by 2039. Unfortunately for the promoters (who happen to
be the Japanese, the Government of India and selected private
corporations) much of the project area has long been labelled as
the "severest water shortage region in India". Maybe they forgot
that unlike power, water is a finite resource. Who will get the
scarce water? The farmers, industry or the 518 million people
who will be living in the cities that are to be located on this
corridor in 2039?
It seems to me that somebody has arrived here to write our urban
future for us.
Romi Khosla primarily
practices as
an architect
when he has a
visionary client.
Otherwise he
has used his
training as
an economist
to do urban
revitalisation
work for the
UNDP in Europe
and China.
He has spent
considerable
time in the
Balkans,
Palestine, Israel,
Tibet, Central
Asia and China
as a Principal
International
Consultant
to the UNDP,
UNESCO and
UNOPS
Thinking about future in India
All cities in the past had been founded, then thrived and eventually declined. Some had even disappeared as will the megacities of today. We need to look to the future; but it seems that somebody has arrived here to write our urban future for us.
View Article details
- Romi Khosla
- 06 December 2012
- New Delhi